Organisational Leadership and Performance Essay

Organisational Leadership and Performance - Essay Example Leadership is essential for any organisation to become successful. In today’s knowledge based global economic environment, the topic of leadership has become more important and debated. Leadership has emerged as a subject almost inseparable from the basic concepts of organisational behaviour at the various levels of an establishment. Characteristics of a Leader What does a leader need to have? In other words, what does an individual need to emerge as a leader? Robbins et al (1998: 395) think that the following traits are important for an individual to become a leader: †¢ â€Å"long term vision; †¢ people and team-building skills; †¢ decisiveness; and †¢ self-confidence† In today’s dynamic world, the factor of long term vision has become more important since resources are limited and demands are increasing. Soft skills are important for people management and essential team building. Decisiveness and self-confidence helps the leader to decide his/her course of action. These leadership traits are necessary at the management level of a given organisation so that it can remain dynamic to stay competitive and survive. Leadership Development Leadership development must begin at the level of staff development and the related realm of education management is utterly concerned with the behaviour and training of the human resources of the organisation.... and team-building skills; decisiveness; and self-confidence† In today’s dynamic world, the factor of long term vision has become more important since resources are limited and demands are increasing. Soft skills are important for people management and essential team building. Decisiveness and self-confidence helps the leader to decide his/her course of action. These leadership traits are necessary at the management level of a given organisation so that it can remain dynamic to stay competitive and survive (Brown and Eisenhardt, 1995). Leadership Development Leadership development must begin at the level of staff development and the related realm of education management is utterly concerned with the behaviour and training of the human resources of the organisation (Bhindi, 1996). Thus education management becomes an integral part of the operations. Prospective staff members should be educated in the direction of becoming leaders at their levels. Definitely, the policy of leadership development, if implemented in a right way, can make a big difference to the organisation. Both the intra-organisational and inter-organisational behaviouristic patterns can be maintained, tuned and improved if leadership development programmes are initiated within the organisation (Boaden, 2006). According to Robbins et al (1998), leadership development has the phases of conceptual understanding, skill building and coaching. A feedback process and a development centre are also required. Conceptual understanding of leadership should be imparted to as many staff members as possible, especially those who belong from the young generation so that they can correlate their personal growth plan to the leadership practices that are productive, sensible and sustainable. (Robbins et al, 1998)

Harry Wong Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Harry Wong Article - Essay Example Harry Wong emphasizes upon the importance of creating a good first impression and therefore stresses on even the minor aspects of the first day, starting from the dress to the delivering of a lecture. According to Harry Wong, it is the teacher’s attitude that determines the level and quality of response received from the students. He states that, ‘Students tend to learn as little or as much as their teachers expect.’ Provided that the teacher has an encouraging and positive attitude, the students too will portray their best. It is therefore important, not to expect too little nor too much from them. However, at the same time, it is in the first class that she can create a proper class environment, laying down certain expectations that will be expected of them. He states that the three most essential things that must be laid down clearly and established in the first week are discipline, procedure and routine, and these must not only show in attitude but also in her lecture and in her style of conducting the class. Harry Wong also stresses upon the necessity of the teacher familiarizing with the students from the very beginning; addressing them by their names and encouraging them to be more open with their ideas rather than to remain shy and hesitant. It is only with the proper attitude of the teacher that the student will be encouraged to open up. Moreover, to ensure maximum student output, the teacher must design her lesson in a manner that will demand the maximum response from the student rather than increased input from the teacher. Multiple activities should be carried out in class that will give the teacher an overall impression of what the student understands from his/her lectures. Moreover, tests should also be frequently taken to ensure higher achievement. One of the most important guidelines laid down by Harry Wong is that the teacher must exercise a self-enhancing behavior rather than a

How to set off a roadside bomb (IED) using radio, mobile phones etc Essay

How to set off a roadside bomb (IED) using radio, mobile phones etc - Essay Example Considering the attacks on the troops of U.S. in Iraq with these bombs as well as increasing reports of IED attacks in Afghanistan, have led to the rising need to find counter measures to act against IEDs (Freudenrich 2013). Previously the IEDs were like basic pipe bombs. However with advancements in the field, artillery shells in multiple numbers, explosives and rocket propellants are used for the detonation of the IEDs. The wires that are used in the roadside bombs in the present times are not easy to detect and set off. Uses of cell phones or devices like garage door opener are often used for the purpose of detonation as well. The size of the IEDs used for explosions are varying in sizes where large IEDs are capable of exploding large vehicles and areas. Reports are mostly obtained for the destruction of the U.S. troops and in Afghanistan for the use of these bombs. Since these bombs are mostly detonated in a remote manner, it has been observed that jammers are essential in the bu siness of IEDs. It has also been reported that many times the detonators are used where the wires are connected for the purpose of detonating the bombs. Remote detonation is also possible with the use of roadside bombs (Congress 2006). Setting off such roadside bombs or IEDs also makes use of different ways and devices. This is the way the bombs are triggered. Pressure-switches, trip wires, and devices like photo detectors can be used for setting off the bombs. Heavy military vehicles are generally required to set off bombs through use of pressure switches. Radios, cell phones, walkie-talkies are some of the other devices, the signal transmissions of which are used effectively in the setting off the IEDs. The control of such remote devices is generally placed under the responsibility of some man who stands at a distance to trigger the bombs at the correct time. Use of devices like the radio and mobile phones has been found to be more effective than using wired controls over the bomb s (IED Defeat n.d.). Aim and Objectives of the Study: The aim of the study is to learn about the process of detonating or setting off roadside bombs or IEDs using devices like radio and mobile phones. Considering the above mentioned aim, the following objectives have been set for the study: The study will discuss about the GSM mobile phones that are used and their technical standards. Discuss about the standards of the 3G phones that are available. Discuss about the standards of the 4G LTE phones. Learn about the UHF and VHF modes of communication including cordless phones, DECT, 2.4 GHz WiFi, 5GHz WiFi Have an overview on the commercial devices that can detect and locate these forms of communication. Discuss how roadside bombs or IEDs can be set off using mobile phones and radio like devices. GSM Mobile Phones: Technical Standards: GSM or Global System for Mobile Communications can identify the account of the user using this particular system. It is a wireless network technology ba sed on TDMA (What is â€Å"GSM†? 2013). TDMA refers to the technology Time Division Multiple Access used in mobile devices that allows increasing the amount of data that can be passed and communicated by dividing the channel of communication into different slots (Rouse 2006). The use of GSM has allowed users to easily change their mobile devices by simply taking out the SIM (or Subscriber Identification Module) card from one device and inserting it into

Electronic and Mobile commerce Slp Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Electronic and Mobile commerce Slp - Assignment Example This paper describes the main types of electronic and mobile commerce applications available in the current market that change everyday consumer-experience. There are a number of dynamics that steering m-commerce. These dynamics include the extensive accessibility and popularity of wireless devices such as smart phones, the decreasing cost of wireless technology, the accessibility of instant connectivity from any location, and bandwidth enhancements that increase the speed of data broadcast. M-commerce has experienced developing admiration in financial services, telecommunications services, retail, and information services. Consumers in the current market, bank online, purchase goods and services, adjust their smart phone schedules, pay bills, obtain direction, navigate through GPS and look up traffic from wireless devices (Canada.ca, 2010). Mobile commerce (m-commerce) education and training is rather harder to find than other fields of commerce, since this field is new and regularly changing. Therefore, continuing education in many fields has been moving online at a faster rate as compared to normal classes’ studies. Companies are still exploring how to monetize their business in this field. The Mobile Commerce segment assists students to easily access learning materials about different fields. M-commerce creates network, systems and consumer behaviors that integrate to make up the m-commerce ecosystem. This means the field is extensive, accessible to consumers with ideas that takes off. Since there are a reasonably extensive percentage of consumers who own smart phones and other electronic devices, most industries are likely to be prosperous in mobile commerce (Canada.ca, 2010). Mobile commerce continues to grow, but will not be fully established until it becomes actual mobile information accessible everywhere, anytime and to consumers globally. Applying mobile commerce to computing fields generates both tremendous marketable

Islamic Fundamentalism Essay Example for Free

Islamic Fundamentalism Essay Introduction: The term â€Å"Islamic Fundamentalism† refers to one of those Islamic movements in the Middle East, North Africa or South and East Asia with a goal to establish an Islamic government in the area of their struggle. Islamism and Islamic Extremism are other synonyms of Islamic Fundamentalism. The rise of Islamic Fundamentalism can be traced back to the 20th Century when different movements emerged with the goal of the revival of Islamic Political presence in the global scenario. It was initially in response to the colonialism and imperialism of the West. Most of the Muslim intellectuals regarded Western dominion of their lands as unfair. The alleged the Western Nations as looting and robbing their resources and wealth. The modern Islamists consider the global economical and political system as tools to perpetuate Western domination on the world. That’s why they appose and despise it. This paper will discuss whether the Islamic Fundamentalism is a threat to the modern civilization or not. Islamic Fundamentalism a Growing Threat: The feeling to revive the Islamic values among the daily life is a common feeling in the Muslim communities of the world. Thus in this way Islamic Fundamentalism is not a harmful or an aggressive phenomenon. There are also large numbers of Muslims who think that the western political and economical systems are not compatible with their social and religious norms. These people want to establish an Islamic political and economical system as an alternative to the Western Democracy and Capitalism. These are also divided into two categories. The mainstream of Islamists is determined to work according to the current rules and regulations of their respective societies. They do not violently appose political pluralism participate in the democratic process and recognize the interests and rights of the minorities. They do not disregard the presence of a market economy either. The Muslim Brotherhood of Egypt and Jordan and the Islamic Salvation Front of Algeria before it was deprived from its electoral victory and forced to take arms lie in this category. (Millward, 1993) In the second category of the Islamist lie those who have a revolutionary and radical notion of establishing an Islamic State. They completely disregard the existing system in their societies and are eager to overthrow it with force and military struggle. They have no recognition of the market economy and they despise any form of political pluralism, and minority rights. Alqaida, The Palestinian Hamas and Egyptian Islamic Jihad lie in this category. (Millward, 1993) Because they consider the modern political system under the jurisdiction of the United Nations a way to perpetuate Western dominion, they despise it and deem it as an opponent and hostile force. Because their long-term goal is to develop an alternate global political system they have intended to destroy the existing supporting powers of the current system. These were the intentions behind the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center. Because the radical Islamic Movements deem the U. S. has the most powerful supporter of maintaining the status quo they made their first offensive against her. The more will be the support for democracy and capitalism the earlier it will become the target. U.K and Spain are other examples of some rigorous supporters of the democracy and capitalism which, sustained brutal assaults from radical Islamists. Conclusion: Radical Islamic Fundamentalism is indeed a threat to the modern world, but they have their limitations. The radical Muslims are a small faction of the Islamic Mainstream. Though recent events like American led invasion on Iraq has sparked angered among the Muslim youths, the failure of the secular elite leadership of the Islamic world is responsible for turning their eyes to the radicalists. If the World Leader did not take serious measures to pacify the Muslim masses the â€Å"Green Peril† will become deadly truth. References: Bukay, David (2003). Cultural Fallacies in Understanding Islamic Fundamentalism and Palestinian Radicalism, Jerusalem Summit , Retreived from the World Wide Web on April 19th 2007, http://www. jerusalemsummit. org/eng/full. php? id=23speaker=72summit=32 Millward. Wm. (1993). The Rising Tide of Islamic Fundamentalism, Canadian Security Intelligence Service, retrieved from the World Wide Web on April 18th 2007, http://www. csis-scrs. gc. ca/en/publications/commentary/com30. asp.

The International Labour Organization Ilo

The International Labour Organization Ilo The International Labour Organization is a United Nations agency dealing with labour issues, particularly international labour standards and decent for all. There are 185 countries that are member states of International Labour Organization. The ILO aims to ensure that it serves the needs of working women and men by bringing together governments, employers and workers to set labour standards, develop policies and devise programmes. The very structure of the ILO, where workers and employers together have an equal voice with governments in its deliberations, shows social dialogue in action. It ensures that the views of the social partners are closely reflected in ILO labour standards, policies and programmes. They have concern about many issues which are happening in world. In this essay I selected child labour for further discussion. Child labour is a complex problem and numerous factors influence whether children work or not. Poverty emerges as the most compelling reason why children work. Poor households spend the bulk of their income on food and the income provided by working children is often critical to their survival. However, poverty is not the only factor in child labour and cannot justify all types of employment and servitude. Countries may be equally poor and yet have relatively high or relatively low levels of child labour. Child labour is clearly detrimental to individual children, preventing them from enjoying their childhood, hampering their development and sometimes causing lifelong physical or psychological damage; it is also detrimental to families, to communities and to society as a whole. As both a result and a cause of poverty, child labour perpetuates disadvantage and social exclusion. It undermines national development by keeping children out of school, preventing them from gaining the education and skills that would enable them as adults to contribute to economic growth and prosperity. As long as child labour continues, the ILOs goal of decent work can never be achieved. Discussion Millions of children worldwide are engaged in labour that is hindering their education, development and future livelihoods. A lot of of them are involved in the worst forms of child labour that because irreversible physical or psychological damage, or that even threaten their lives. This situation represents an intolerable violation of the rights of individual children, it perpetuates poverty and it compromises economic growth and equitable development. There are plenty of things can be happened to occur child labour. Factors include for Child labour: Barriers to education basic education is not free in all countries and is not always available for all children, especially in remote rural areas. Where schools are available, the quality of education can be poor and the content not relevant. In situations where education is not affordable or parents see no value in education, children are sent to work, rather than to school. Culture and tradition with few opportunities open to children with more education, parents are likely to share a cultural norm in which labour is seen as the most productive use of a childs time. Children are often expected to follow in their parents footsteps and are frequently summoned to help other members of the family, often at a young age. Market demand child labour is not accidental. Employers may prefer to hire children because they are cheaper than their adult counterparts, can be dispensed of easily if labour demands fluctuate and also form a docile, obedient work-force that will not seek to organize itself for protection and support. The effects of income shocks on households households that do not have the means to deal with income shocks, such as natural disasters, economic or agricultural crises Taking into consideration above factors the child labour will occur. This is a massive issue in modern world. Hence there are so many organizations and governments are consider this issue. Hence The ILO has given a priority to wipe out this issue. The International Labour Organization, from its setting up, has made child labour one of its central concerns. ILO work on child labour over the decades has mainly taken its indication from the phrase protection of children in the Preamble to its Constitution. The ILOs prime tool in pursuing the elimination of child labour has always been, and remains to this day, the labour standards that embody the concept of a minimum age to enter into employment. This approach responds to two concerns: to protect children from work that interferes with their full development and to pursue economic efficiency through well-functioning adult labour markets. Some child laborers are highly visible, such as street children working in the urban informal economy. Others, such as child domestic workers, are effectively hidden from public view and are thus particularly vulnerable, including to physical, emotional and sexual abuse. Rather than working in formal sector establishments that produce for export, the majority of child labourers in manufacturing toil in supply chains producing for the domestic market, for example, in the production of fireworks, matches or incense sticks. A reported increase in home-based production of these and other goods, in response to heightened competitive pressures, brings with it an increased potential for exploitation of child labour. Such hidden groups of children present particular challenges for research and effective action. A future without child labour traces the ILOs historical concern with the abolition of child labour. At its very first session, the International Labour Conference adopted the Minimum Age (Industry) Convention, 1919 . Over the years that followed, the concept of minimum age for entry into employment was extended to different economic sectors, culminating with the adoption of the comprehensive Minimum Age Convention, 1973. The inclusion of the effective abolition of child labour in the ILO Declaration on Fundamental Principles and Rights at Work and its Follow-up, adopted in 1988, highlighted the growing consensus across the world that child labour represents a serious threat to sustainable economic and social development everywhere. The unanimous adoption, the following year, of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 , and its subsequent unprecedented rate of ratification, attest to the strength of the political will among ILO member States to tackle, with employers and wor kers organizations and all partners in civil society, these most extreme forms of child labour as a matter of the greatest urgency. Convention No. 182 has served to consolidate resolve on the need for immediate action to combat the worst forms of child labour, accompanied by measures to eliminate and prevent all child labour in the longer term. Drawing on the provisions of Conventions Nos. 138 and 182, they identify three categories of child labour to be eliminated: Labour performed by a child who is under a minimum age specified in national legislation for that kind of work. Labour that jeopardizes the physical, mental or moral well-being of a child, known as hazardous work The unconditional worst forms of child labour, which are internationally defined as slavery, trafficking, debt bondage and other forms of forced labour, forced recruitment for use in armed conflict, prostitution and pornography, and illicit activities. Furthermore they have taken several objectives to eliminate this child labor issue. Key objectives in the fight against child labour the long tradition of ILO standard setting and supervision in the field of child labour, dating from the very first session of the International Labour Conference in 1919 and leading up to the adoption of the umbrella Minimum Age Convention, 1973 (No. 138); The impetus given by the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC) in 1989; The experience gained by national governments working with IPEC; increased activism on child labour by employers and workers organizations and non-governmental organizations (NGOs); The unanimous adoption of the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention, 1999 (No. 182), and the subsequent campaign for its universal ratification and implementation; Research and action that have provided new insights into the causes, dimensions and means of reducing both poverty and child labour. According to the on top of objective the ILO have planned to eliminate child labor in every country. Although, when they erect new objectives and procedures they will have to concern countries policies. So that is a huge difficulty that they are appearance currently. Conclusion Childrens participation in the labour force at the start of the twenty-first century is continuously varied and infinitely volatile, responding to changing market and social conditions. This circumstance is matched by the flexibility of the large, unprotected, potential child labour force. Poverty and social exclusion, labour mobility, discrimination on the basis of sex and other grounds, and lack of adequate social protection and educational opportunity all come into play in influencing child labour outcomes. The ILO calls on all partners in this undertaking to redouble their efforts, to give all children, everywhere, the childhood and the future that they deserve.universal education and social protection, together with a better understanding of the needs and rights of children, can bring about a significant reduction in child labour. Recommendation Working closely with governments are the social partners employers and workers organizations who are uniquely placed to understand and to change the realities of the workplace so that child labour simply has no part to play. Partnerships operate horizontally at national level and also vertically between national, regional and international players. A worldwide movement, involving the ILOs constituents governments and employers and workers organizations and many other partners working together at international, national and local levels, has altered that irrevocably. Improve education system in every country. .

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov Essay -- Psychologists

Profile of Ivan Pavlov was born on September 14, 1849 in the village of Ryazan, Russia, the son of Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, who was the village priest. Because he was the son of a priest he went to church school and enrolled in a theology seminar. As the son of a preacher Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was going to follow in his father’s footsteps, that was until he read a book by Charles Darwin called â€Å"The Origin of Species† After reading this book Ivan Pavlov dropped out of his theological studies and enrolled in a Natural Science program in the University of St-Petersburg. After enrolling in the University of St-Petersburg Ivan Petrovich Pavlov discovered his passion, physiology. Physiology is the branch of biology dealing with the functions and activities of living organisms and their body parts, including all physical and chemical processes. It was here that Ivan Pavlov in collaboration with a fellow classmate wrote his first paper on â€Å"The Physiology of the Pancreatic Nerves† Ivan Pavlov received his first gold medal for this paper. This however is not the only gold medal that Ivan received; he went on to winning the Nobel Prize in Medicine/ Physiology in 1904 â€Å"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject have been transformed and enlarged† Nobelprize.org. During his 1904 Nobel Prize address he presented his theory on Classic Conditioning. Ivan Pavlov was also elected as the Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1907, given an honorary doctor ate at Cambridge University in 1912, and awarded the Order of the Legion of Honour in 1915. But these were not the studies that made him famous in the psychology world; it was his study of the canine digest... ...dwich. But I did eat the food from Johnny Rockets right before I started throwing up. So I paired the food from Johnny Rockets with throwing up and the feeling of nausea, and because food is a primary reinforce it only took one time for me to pair nausea and food poisoning with Johnny Rockets. My conditioned response to Johnny Rockets is nauseated feeling. Works Cited †¢ "Ivan Pavlov - Biography". Nobelprize.org. 10 Dec 2011 http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1904/pavlov-bio.html †¢ "Pavlov's Dog". Nobelprize.org. 10 Dec 2011 http://www.nobelprize.org/educational/medicine/pavlov/readmore.html †¢ â€Å"Ivan Pavlov†. http://www.muskingum.edu. Mindy Lautenheiser. May 1999 http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/pavlov.htm †¢ Saundra K. Ciccarelli, J. Noland White. â€Å"Psychology†. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 2006